Country meaning aboriginal. The Goreng Goreng area is between Central West Queensland in the north around Boyne Valley, extending westerly as far as the Great Dividing Range along the Dawes, Auburn, Nogo and Callide Ranges to meet the Bondi has long been a place of deep cultural significance for First Nations people, with a history spanning tens of thousands of years—long before it was opened to the public in 1882. It is ancient but also new. Ultimately, family and kinship are a cohesive forced that bind Aboriginal people together. They were called the Yarra tribe by early European colonists. Some For thousands of years Noongar people have resided on and had cultural connection to the booja – land. For some people and organisations, the use of Indigenous language regional terms is an expression of pride in their heritage. You are here: Countries / Geographic Wiki / What does Gammon mean in Aboriginal? 'Gammon', a term derived from English and which can be glossed in Aboriginal Australia as meaning fake, cheap or broken, is shared across varieties of Aboriginal English and has become affectionately revered as icon of an intra-Aboriginal public culture. [14] The Latin indigena is based on the Old Latin indu "in, within" Despite being the most fundamental pillar of Indigenous identity, the connection that Aboriginal people feel to our country is one of the hardest concepts to How do you think Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander understandings of, and connections to, Country compare to Western For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, kinship is a way of being – it’s how a person identifies themselves with Country (land, waterways and sky) The notion of family in Aboriginal culture is closely tied to themes of connectedness and kinship. a member of a race of people who were the first people to live in a country, before any. We acknowledge their families to the North, the East and the South and recognise their continuing connection to land, waters and sky. The Gunditjmara[a] or Gunditjamara, [b] also known as Dhauwurd Wurrung, are an Aboriginal people of southwestern Victoria in Australia. Their ancestors are among the pre Australians use many words from Aboriginal languages. Do you know a Bunji from a Boorie? Words from 100 Indigenous languages are in the new edition of the Australian National Dictionary – reflecting a heightened interest in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture. Country goes beyond the physical too, and includes things that cannot be seen or touched. The Dreaming is a spiritual connection to country and ancestors. Wadawurrung The broadening in semantic meaning of these terms reflect on how intimate Aboriginal people are within communities in regards to kinship. Do you know what Aboriginal land you're on today? As we approach January 26, take the time to reflect on what Aboriginal lands you are on. Everything in our vast landscape has meaning Australian Aboriginal artists use symbols to express the stories of their culture. The Wurundjeri Woi Wurrung Cultural Connection curator Margo Ngawa Neale explains the meaning of Country to First Peoples across Land, Water and Sky. Noongar groups The Noongar (/ ˈnʊŋɑːr /, also spelt Noongah, Nyungar / ˈnjʊŋɑːr /, Nyoongar, Nyoongah, Nyungah, Nyugah, and Yunga[1] / ˈjʊŋɑː /) are Aboriginal Australian people who live in the south-west corner of Western Australia, from Geraldton on the west coast to Esperance on the south coast. The Aboriginal flag’s meaning became a source of pride and reinforced our identities as Aboriginal people. Their Country encompasses the Moira lakes area Aboriginal Concepts of Place and Country and their Meaning in Mental Health Brian J. Kaurna culture and language were almost completely destroyed within a few decades of the British colonisation of A non-Aboriginal researcher was guided by the knowledges and perspectives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander researchers to develop a . Discover resources and information that will The term "country" has a particular meaning and significance to many Aboriginal peoples, encompassing an interdependent relationship between an individual or a people and their ancestral or traditional lands and seas. "I look forward to welcoming you on country" - Under the range of holistic frameworks and models that have defined social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB) for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, Ok, so let’s explain this once and for all. Dreaming is a term used by Aboriginal people to describe the relations and balance between the spiritual, natural and moral elements of the world. 11 The legal historian, John McCorquodale, has reported that since the time of white settlement, governments have used no The funding for this e-dictionary was provided by the Aboriginal Languages Community Investment Program 2020/21 and was administered by People who identify themselves as 'Aboriginal' range from dark-skinned, broad-nosed to blonde-haired, blue-eyed people. There are 14 different groups in the Noongar cultural bloc: Amangu, Ballardong Australian Curriculum Content Description Explore the interconnectedness of Country/Place, People, Identity and Culture in texts including those by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander authors. Using a capital ‘C’ acknowledges the deep profound significance and respect Indigenous peoples hold for Country. Country includes all living things - Here is our list of respectful terminology as part of our indigenous awareness campaign. It is a work in progress so your All Aboriginal political concepts are grounded in “Country. Dwellingup is in the tribal region of WILMAN and is What do Aboriginal call themselves? Aboriginal peoples might describe themselves in ways that relate to their Country (including their waters), such as 'saltwater people' for those who live on the coast or on islands, or 'freshwater', 'rainforest', 'desert' or 'spinifex' for people who live in that ecological environment, to name a few. The Wadawurrung Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation (WTOAC), is the Registered Aboriginal Party (RAP) for Wadawurrung country. Bishop Curtin University, Australia David A. This particular painting, Grandmother’s Country, depicts women collecting food and also celebrates the fertility of the land. With roots Australian Aboriginal English (AAE or AbE) is a set of dialects of the English language used by a large section of the Indigenous Australian (Aboriginal Australian and Torres Strait Islander) population as a result of the colonisation of Australia. Early definitions36. The Awabakal were bounded to the north–west by the Wonnarua, the Worimi to the north–east, and the Darkinung peoples to the west and south. The connection to land involves culture, spirituality, language, law/lore, kin relationships and identity. Understanding the meaning behind symbols requires context. Although Coolangatta, QLD is Bundjalung (Yugambeh) country, the name itself is Jerrinja in origin. Drawing from published accounts and on personal experience, I The Boonwurrung, [2][3] also spelt Bunurong or Bun wurrung, are an Aboriginal people of the Kulin nation, who are the traditional owners of the land from the Werribee River to Wilsons Promontory in the Australian state of Victoria. Transmitting The Dreaming accounting for natural phenomena providing maps of the country recording boundaries teaching about the uses of different plants, animals and other resources teaching social mores and rules III providing legitimacy for these rules-where they came from and why providing warnings about the consequences of breaking the law providing entertainment What is the meaning of Koori? Koori (or Koorie) Koori is a term denoting an Aboriginal person of southern New South Wales or Victoria. This website is about the region's Aboriginal history, culture and Survey of the history, society, and culture of the Australian Aboriginal peoples, who are one of the two distinct Indigenous cultural groups of Australia. Schell, The Early History Aboriginal people belong to Mobs (tribes) and within those are Clans (family groups). ” Colonial destruction has badly damaged and attenuated relations with Country, What does Canberra mean in Aboriginal? Discover the rich history behind the name, its connection to the Ngunnawal people, and why it’s a symbol of unity Learning the Aboriginal meaning of place names will deepen our connection to the land we all live on, say Indigenous historians. [3][4][5] The concept of First Nations Australian traditional custodianship derives from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' strong traditional connection with the lands and seas they Relationships to country are complex and interrelated. With over 500 Australian English uses many words from Aboriginal languages, with over 500 terms from more than 100 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Country/Place: refers to the land to which Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples belong; where the spiritual essence of their Preamble The Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet has a publically declared commitment to honour and respect Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First people and custodians of Australia. The term contains complex The term “country” is often used by Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islander people to describe family origins and associations with particular parts of Australia. Prior to European settlement, these Aboriginal Concepts of Place and Country and their Meaning in Mental Health Brian J. Stories The following three dreaming stories are from Bunjil's cave: Myths, legends and superstitions of the aborigines of Welcome to Nyoongar Country; home to the world's oldest living culture, dating back 60,000 years. This video explains the significance of Country for Aboriginal Country is a term used by First Nations peoples to refer to the lands, waters and skies to which they are connected through ancestral ties and family origins. There are many other Aboriginal groups across Australia (such as Murri, Noongar, Yolngu) with which Indigenous Australians may identify themselves. The relationship Aboriginal people have to their country is a deep spiritual connection that is different from the relationship held by other Australians. The latter have a spiritual, physical, social and cultural connection. There are over 250 Mobs in Australia and even more Clans (some The Wurundjeri people are an Aboriginal people of the Woiwurrung language group, in the Kulin nation. We acknowledge all First Peoples of this land and celebrate their enduring connections to Country, knowledge and stories. When they're "on country" it means they're physically located on the traditional areas of their tribal group/s. Rather than viewing Country, or land, as a physical environment, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people consider Country as a deeply symbolic and Country is the term often used by Aboriginal peoples to describe the lands, waterways and seas to which they are connected. Mitchell Curtin University, Australia Glen Pearson The Kinship is at the heart of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Culture and Community. For example, a Gamilaraay man from south-west Queensland might say “The Narran lakes area is my country”, or “I am a Simpson from Gamilaraay country”. 'Koori' is not a synonym for 'Aboriginal'. It expresses and reflects the world view of a group of people, including beliefs, knowledge and The Indigenous peoples of the Americas are the peoples who are native to the Americas or the Western Hemisphere. The See more Country is a term used by First Nations peoples to refer to the lands, waters and skies to which they are connected through ancestral ties and family origins. The Goreng Goreng, also known Kooreng Gooreng, are an inland freshwater Australian Aboriginal people of Queensland, and also a language group. Originating in the 1660s from aborigines + -al, "aboriginal" means first or earliest inhabitants, especially original natives of colonized lands, notably Australia. Image Sources: The Citizen & Flickr. Aboriginal What does Illawarra mean in Aboriginal? Its name derives from a corruption of the Aboriginal word alowrie, meaning “high pleasant place by the sea. ‘Country’ is a term Indigenous people use that can be described as the lands with which Indigenous people have a traditional attachment or relationship (see Rose 1992 for a much broader definition). Here's why finding the right name is more complex. The Ngarrindjeri people are the traditional Aboriginal Australian people of the lower Murray River, eastern Fleurieu Peninsula, and the Coorong of the southern-central area of the state of South Australia. Their Country includes much of the Budj Bim heritage areas. 9 Several texts articulate the spiritual feeling of country for Aboriginal people—for example: Language isn’t just words to describe the world around us. In this setting, family structures are pivotal to identity formation, understanding one’s own spiritual and cultural belonging, and assists in establishing strong links with community. They are the traditional owners of the Yarra River Valley, covering much of the present location of Melbourne. Discover the significance of yarning circles in First Nations culture, their role in dialogue and negotiation, and their relevance to contemporary If you live in Canberra, chances are you know or have heard the Ngunnawal word ”yuma ”, meaning ”hello”. Learn about the significance and protocols of Welcome to Country and Acknowledgement of Country. Koin or Coen, their celestial entity, looks like an Aboriginal man but in flight resembles The Acknowledgment of Country is a way to pay respects to Indigenous elders past, present and emerging. Before colonisation they were maintained by The Story of Aboriginal Art: Culture, Country, and Creative Expression Aboriginal art is one of the oldest ongoing artistic traditions in the world. The simple answer is that they both have significant cultural meaning, and they show respect for the Traditional Owners of the land. Do you know what Country is or what it means to care for it? Ever heard of Songlines? Margo Ngawa Neale, senior Indigenous art and history Indigenous is derived from the Latin word indigena, meaning "sprung from the land, native". Mitchell Curtin University, Australia Glen Pearson The An Acknowledgment of Country is a means by which all people can show respect for Wiradjuri and First Nations culture and heritage and the ongoing relationship the traditional custodians have with their land. Flag Indigenous Australian cultural regions; the Western Desert cultural bloc is marked "Desert. Country can be spoken about as if it is a person, and it implies an interdependent and reciprocal relationship between an individual and the lands and seas of their ancestors. Murri is a demonym for Aboriginal Australians of modern-day Queensland and north-western New South Wales. Kinship establishes where a person fits in their Community. Aboriginal Interpretation ” We acknowledge the Noongar people and we acknowledge the Country that the whole Bibbulmun Track traverses, always was always will be Noongar Country. For example, a Gamilaraay person from south-west Queensland might say, “I am from Gamilaraay Country” or “my Country is Gamilaraay. The term “country” is often used by Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islander people to describe family origins and associations with particular parts of Australia. They have A non-Aboriginal researcher was guided by the knowledges and perspectives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander researchers to develop a Australian Indigenous sovereignty Sovereignty sign at the Aboriginal Tent Embassy Australian Indigenous sovereignty, also recently termed Blak sovereignty, encompasses the various rights claimed by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples within Australia. It is 50 Words Project The 50 Words project aims to provide readers fifty words in every Indigenous language of Australia. When I first came amongst the Aboriginals about fifty years ago, I do not suppose a happier, more contented lot of people existed. Traditional custodians / owners 'Traditional owners' is an English term from the Northern Territory Land Rights Act and refers to Aboriginal decision-making. Miromaa Aboriginal Language & Technology Centre is the trading name for Arwarbukarl Cultural Resource Association Inc. Preserving the significance of Traditional Place names For generations, Traditional Place names have held profound meaning for Indigenous From gateway destinations like Sydney, to Central Australia or the red earth of the Kimberley, Aboriginal people across the country are waiting to tell their It’s then followed up with ‘What’s a Welcome to Country? How is that different?’. Country Australian Indigenous peoples are strongly connected to particular lands and waters, or Country, through lines of descent, as well as clan and language General greetings Two greetings posters have bright child-friendly borders by Gamilaraay artist Talieah Donnelly. Also included are useful links for your reference. Welcome to Country is an important aspect of First Peoples and Australian culture that annoys quite a few people. Connection to the landscape and each other. Awaba is now the name of a small town in the region. But all symbols used in regions have a long history, going right back Muurrbay plans to conduct workshops around Bundjalung-Yugambeh country to help people use this online dictionary. Typically we’re talking about people who grew up in an Australia where their education on Aboriginal history and culture was incredibly brief and inaccurate. Most of our history books through to the 1990’s Delivered by Elders, or Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples who have permission from Elders, it is a profound act of generosity and reconciliation for In conclusion, the term "Country" in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture represents a profound, spiritual bond between the people and the land, A guide which steps you through the process of finding the English meaning of an Aboriginal word. The Bidiagal, Birrabirragal, and Gadigal are the Traditional Custodians of the Waverley area. Care for this country Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander slang has, in some instances, replaced traditional languages due to government policies and systems that historically We recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as the sovereign Traditional Owners of Australia and thank them for their stewardship of this Country, its Imaluk Beach on Darwin Harbour. Aboriginal people Australia is made up of many different and distinct Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander groups, each with their own culture, language, beliefs and practices. Country is a term not just referring to meaning the area of land, river and sea that is the traditional land of each Aboriginal language group or community. The Bundjalung people, also spelled Bunjalung, Badjalang and Bandjalang, are Aboriginal Australians who are the original custodians of a region from around Indigenous meanings of Australian town names Ever wondered what our towns, cities and places mean in their Aboriginal language? Miromaa Aboriginal Language & Technology Centre is funded by the Australian Federal Government under Indigenous Languages and Arts (ILA). " Aṉangu is the name used by members of several Aboriginal Australian groups, roughly equivalent to the Western Desert cultural bloc, to describe themselves. These guidelines are an expression of that respect and should be read in conjunction with our Recognition and Acknowledgement of Country statements. Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander, Indigenous, First Peoples/Nations Australians, Elders, Traditional Owners/Custodians, Acknowledgement of Country and Welcome to Country are also capitalised. While these lands and seas are widely recognised as Larrakia Country, some sources also list the Belyuen and Wadjiginy people as traditional custodians. Land is of great significance to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, often expressed as "connection to Country". The Kerrup Jmara (Kerrupjmara, Kerrup-Jmara) are a clan of What does Illawarra mean in Aboriginal? Its name derives from a corruption of the Aboriginal word alowrie, meaning “high pleasant place by the sea. Garrigarrang: Sea Country - The little known story of Indigenous Australian coastal communities explores the complex ecological knowledge ABORIGINAL definition: 1. ” In this context, Country a Country doesn’t just refer to the physical land Aboriginal communities lie on, but the collection of animals, plants, and people that live In Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, ‘Country’ means more than just a place on a map – it’s a deep connection to the land and sea “Country means a lot more than the tangible things that can be see or touched". For them, the land is alive with ancestral ‘Caring for country’ can be understood generally as Indigenous peoples’ approaches to land and water management, although with some central distinctions. Other words in Standard Australian English also differ greatly in Aboriginal English. Aboriginal words are still added to the Australian vocabulary, and meanings are not what The significance of totemism in contemporary Aboriginal peoples remains a topic of debate among scholars and indigenous communities. They were called the Western Port or Port Philip tribe by the early The wedge-tailed eagle has special significance for the Awabakal people. G. They continue to live in this area and throughout Australia. Caring for Country Indigenous peoples have enormous capacity to make Australia more resilient to the climate crisis, as we have an The World Bank aims to promote indigenous peoples' development in a manner which ensures that the development process fosters Songlines are the Aboriginal walking routes that crossed the country, linking important sites and locations. Aboriginal Peoples have a deep connection with land and waters with Country, which is central to their spiritual identity, and have maintained this connection despite the devastating impacts of colonisation and forced removal. While Bondi has been a popular destination for over 135 years, its cultural importance to Aboriginal The Kabi Kabi Peoples Aboriginal Corporation works hard to protect and advance the interests of Kabi Kabi People and Kabi Kabi Country. Today, Coolangatta stands as a symbol of Australia’s diverse Noongar means ‘a person of the south-west of Western Australia,’ or the name for the ‘original inhabitants of the south-west of Western Australia’ and we are Songlines are the Creation narratives that cross Aboriginal Lands & give meaning to sites & stories, connecting people to country. The term Ngarrindjeri means "belonging to men", [1] and refers to a "tribal Using the Aboriginal name for an area isn't as simple as, say, calling Melbourne "Naarm". It is used by contrast with Gunya, which refers to non-Aboriginal persons. ” Sighted in 1770 by the British navigator Captain James Cook, it was first explored in 1796 by Matthew Flinders and George Bass. The term, which embraces several distinct "tribes" or peoples, in particular the Ngaanyatjarra, Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara Aboriginal identity has changed over time and place, with family lineage, self-identification, and community acceptance all of varying importance. We pay our respects to Elders Traditional lands of Australian Aboriginal peoples around Brisbane and sunshine coast [a] Butchulla lands were concentrated in the centre of the island of K'gari (a name which refers to the former Fraser Island as well as surrounding waters and parts of the nearby mainland), [6] and extended over 1,700 square miles (4,400 km 2) to the coastal mainland (Cooloola) [7] south of Featured Exhibitions Grandmother’s Country: Gabriella Possum Nungurrayi Presented by Australian Aboriginal Art Gallery Women are the principle gatherers of Bush Tucker and it is an important part of everyday life within the family clan. The Wurundjeri People take their name from their Woiwurrung language word ‘wurun’ meaning the Manna Gum (Eucalyptus viminalis) which is common The Aboriginal Flag / Proportion 3:5 Although the design may appear simplistic, the meaning of the Aboriginal flag and Thomas’s art background helped to create one of the most powerful weapons against the governments assimilation agenda. Tribe Tribe refers to a culturally distinct group of people associated with a culturally defined area of land or country. Australia, a land abundant in Indigenous heritage, boasts capital cities steeped in historical significance. The words are provided online with Today, the Jinibara People continue their connections with their traditional country, and maintain their places, areas and sites of significance. Learn more. It refers to a group of Aboriginal people who belong to a certain area of land ('country') and have the cultural obligation to The importance of land and country to Aboriginal Australians is deeply spiritual, going beyond just physical space. Vicary Victorian Department of Human Services, Australia Joelle R. It is an essential part of the The nature of Aboriginal peoples’ relationships to stone artefacts has changed since the 1960s in southeast Australia—now recognisably more social, spiritual, and immediate than temporally distant, historical, or technological. The word country which refers to land generally, but also has a more specific meaning of 'place of belonging'. They were known as the Adelaide tribe by the early settlers. The Gamilaroi, also known as Gomeroi, Kamilaroi, Kamillaroi, Gomilaroy and other variations, are an Aboriginal Australian people whose lands extend from In their language, awaba was the word for Lake Macquarie, meaning flat or plain surface, and by extension referred to the people native to that area. In conclusion, "Country" in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture is a holistic term that signifies a deep, spiritual connection to the land, embodying their history, identity, and responsibilities. Why is Country important to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people? How are language, Country and spirituality linked? Learn about the first peoples of Australia and the strong connection they have to the land. The Larrakia people have made the Larrakia Nation Aboriginal Corporation our legal representative, responsible for ensuring that our country and people are Connection to Country The Noongars people’s cultural connection to the booja – land is thousands of years old and connects everything across the Map of Wadawurrung Country Reconciliation in the Park 2022 will be on Sunday 22nd May Wadawurrung Aboriginal Corporation: Registered Aboriginal Party - Ngarrindjeri flag Ngarrindjeri culture is centred around the lower lakes of the Murray River. They are the Traditional Owners of the areas now encompassing Warrnambool, Port Fairy, Woolsthorpe and Portland. A tribe, in the Aboriginal context, is a group of people related by genealogy, a common language and occupying (or traditionally occupying) a recognised area of country. Each clan of the Jinibara Watch on What does the term Nunga mean? Nunga is a term of self-identification for Aboriginal Australians, originally used by Aboriginal people in the southern settled areas of South Australia, and now used throughout Adelaide and surrounding towns. The name Wollongong is said to originate from the Aboriginal word woolyungah, meaning five islands. Traditionally Yaama was a question word Symbols vary widely between the many different Aboriginal cultures found across Australia. [citation needed] In so-called Australia, First Nations people have family and kinship systems that may be confusing or complex to Western societies, but they are a way of life Meet Renee Cawthorne, a Wiradjuri woman and the Manager of Aboriginal Education and Engagement at Sydney's Royal Botanic Gardens educating GLaWAC The Gunaikurnai Land and Waters Aboriginal Corporation was established in 2007 as the Registered Aboriginal Party that represents the The word Wurundjeri is the combination of the Woiwurrung words ‘wurun’ meaning the Manna Gum (Eucalyptus viminalis) and ‘djeri‘, the grub which is Aboriginal culture in our City is enduring but also changing. Rather, traditional country was bountiful, and individuals had their own specialised personal responsibilities for providing for the group. Their territory includes part of what is now the city and suburbs of Melbourne. (Getty: Don Arnold) Indigenous Australians are people with familial heritage from, or recognised membership of, the various ethnic groups living within the territory of Perth City is located in the ancient country of the Whadjuk Nyoongar people, who have been the Traditional Owners of Nipaluna was the name used by Aboriginal people for the country of the Hobart area, and was shared by Wurati in 1831. The Kaurna people (English: / ˈɡɑːrnə /, Kaurna: [ɡ̊auɳa]; also Coorna, Kaura, Gaurna and other variations) are a group of Aboriginal people whose traditional lands include the Adelaide Plains of South Australia. A Welcome to Country offers safe passage and protection to the visitors on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander land. In the Aboriginal person means a person who is a descendant of an Indigenous inhabitant of Australia but does not include a Torres Strait Islander. But do you know where it The non-Indigenous sense of belonging is inextricably tied to an original theft: through the fiction of terra nullius, the migrant has been able to Djillong means 'a tongue of land' - pronounced Geelong since Europeans came to the area. Land means different things to non-Indigenous and Aboriginal people. The Moiraduban Clan group belong to the Country and lakes known as Moira, meaning ‘place of reeds’. Torres Strait Islander means a person who is a descendant of an Indigenous inhabitant of the Torres Strait Islands. [2] It is made up of a number of varieties which developed differently in different parts of Australia, and grammar and pronunciation Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people refer to ‘Country’ — the lands, waters, skies, animals, plants and natural phenomena. Incorporating Acknowledgement of Country and Welcome to Country into meetings, gatherings, and events shows respect by upholding Aboriginal and Yes - it's usually something said by Aboriginal Australians when referring to their specific lands. phej vlfhuof cjiney ajcca hpzjkzs oihhlw dpaqoa ncpkg phpvg wwou